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Closed-loop control in chemotherapy

Closed-loop automated drug infusion regulator: A clinically translatable, closed-loop drug delivery system for personalized drug dosing

Chemotherapies are commonly dosed based on a patient’s body surface area (BSA) or weight, which fails to account for the many other sources of pharmacokinetic variability between patients. These sources of pharmacokinetic variability are ignored in standard clinical practice and can result in suboptimal dosing, which can reduce efficacy and increase toxicity. The authors have developed a medical device that could enable physicians to control the concentration of the drugs in their patient’s blood regardless of the many factors that could alter the pharmacokinetics for a patient. This medical device could potentially be rapidly translated to the clinic, where it may be able to decrease the toxicity and increase the efficacy of chemotherapies given to patients.

Unrolling of MiGUT electrodes due to strain of polyimide ribbon following wetting of water-soluble adhesive, showing the initial position (i), initiation of deployment (ii) and unrolling of electrodes (iii). Full extent of MiGU

All-in-one insulin pen

An automated all-in-one system for carbohydrate tracking, glucose monitoring, and insulin delivery

Pre-prandial insulin delivery. (a) Standard procedures to inject insulin with a safe dose based on food coverage and high blood sugar correction. 1) Estimating food serving size of an intaking meal; 2) counting the total carbohydrate content in the meal; 3) warming up the finger to facilitate blood drop extraction; 4) pricking the fingertip by means of a lancing device; 5) squeezing the finger to obtain a drop of blood, roughly 1 uL; 6) feeding the blood to a testing strip connected to a glucometer and measure the current blood glucose level; 7) calculating the insulin dose based on the blood glucose measurement and carbohydrate estimation; 8) carefully dialing the insulin pen based on the insulin calculation result; 9) subcutaneous injection of insulin. (b) The proposed image-based food carbohydrate estimation system for automating carbohydrate counting. The acquired carbohydrate information was shared to the developed all-in-one insulin pen systems via Bluetooth. (c) The all-in-one vacuum/strip pen system consisted of a lancing device, a blood glucose meter, and an insulin pump, enabling autonomous blood glucose measurement and prandial insulin delivery. (d) All-in-one needle pen system with the same size as a commercially available insulin pen was able to measure body glucose level and deliver insulin through the same needle injection.